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NECO Biology Practical specimens 2021 and Exam Guidelines
2021 NECO Biology practical exam scheme and format: The NECO Biology practical exam is paper 3. The exam contains questions from the specimens that will be made available and candidates are expected to give the correct answers to the questions.
All specimens are labeled alphabetically ranging from letter A. Candidates are to identify each of the specimens and use them to answer the questions that follow. All specimens will be available throughout the exam and candidates will be given the access to identify them.
Below are the samples of the NECO Biology practical specimens from last year’s exam. They are for sample works. Identify each of them and use them to answer the questions below. Use them to practice effectively for this exam.
GROUP A
- SPECIMEN A: Elephant Grass
- SPECIMEN B: Grasshopper
- SPECIMEN C: Lizard
- SPECIMEN D: Housefly
- SPECIMEN E: Termite
- SPECIMEN F: Spider
- SPECIMEN G: Longitudinal
- SECTION OF WHOLE COCONUT FRUIT
- SPECIMEN H: Cashew fruit
- SPECIMEN I: Transverse Section
- of Tomato fruit
- SPECIMEN J: Tridax fruit
- SPECIMEN K: Left femur of a
- small mammal
- SPECIMEN L: Flamboyant flower
- SPECIMEN M: Tilapia Fish
GROUP B:
- Specimen A – Thermometer
- Specimen B – Rain gauge
- Specimen C – Meter rule
- Specimen D – Sweep net
- Specimen E – Wind vane
- Specimen F – Quadrat
- Specimen G – Filter paper
- Specimen H – Quill feather
- Specimen J – Palm frond(freshly procured)
GROUP C:
- Specimen P – Male cockroach
- Specimen Q – Grasshopper
- Specimen R – Small mammal/Rat/Mouse
Sample NECO Biology practical Questions 2021 (for practice purpose)
Use the labeled specimens above to answer the questions below. Note: These questions are for practice purposes only. There may not be the actual questions you will in the 2021 NECO Biology practical exam.
1. List the uses of the following:
- Thermometer
- Rain gauge
- Meter rule
- Sweep net
- Wind vane
- Quadrat
- Filter paper
2. What are the botanical names of the following?
- Elephant Grass
- Grasshopper
- Lizard
- Housefly
- Cashew fruit
- Tomato fruit
- Flamboyant flower
3. Outline the life-cycle of the following?
- Grasshopper
- Lizard
- Housefly
- Termite
- Spider
- Tilapia Fish
NECO Bio Practical Practice Questions
The questions below are for practice not the 2021 Biology Practical questions.
1. (a) (i) Phylum of specimens C/Butterfly and E/Grasshopper: Arthropoda
(ii) Reasons for the answer in 1 (a)(i): (I) Metameric segmentation/segmented bodies: (II) Jointed appendages; (III) presence of chitinous exoskeleton/exoskeleton made of chitin; (IV) Bilateral symmetry.
(b) differences between
(i)
| C/Butterfly | D/Caterpillar |
| Wings present | Wings are absent |
| Proboscis present | Mandibles are present |
| Proleg absent | Mandibles are present |
| Legs are longer | Legs are shorter |
| Claspers are absent | Claspers are present |
| Has one pair of compound eyes | Has simple eyes |
| Has antennae | Absence of antennae |
| Osmeterium absent | Osmeterium present |
(ii)
| C/Butterfly | E/Grasshopper |
| Presence of proboscis | Presence of mandibles |
| Clubbed/rounded/knobbed antennae | Not clubbed/rounded/knobbed antennae/tapering antennae; |
| Wing is membreneous/soft | Harder/less membraneous wings/forewings are leathery |
| Surface of wing is powdery/have scales/eye spots | Surface of wing is not powdery/absence of scales/eye spots; |
| Hind limbs/legs smaller/shorter/less muscular | Hind limbs/legs/larger and elongated/more muscular |
| Abdomen is hairy | Abdomen is not hairy/smooth |
(c) Relationship between specimens C/Butterfly and D/Caterpillar:
(i) C/butterfly is the adult/image of D/Caterpillar
(ii) D/Caterpillar is the larva/larva stage of C/Butterfly
(d) (i) Habitat of specimen D/Caterpillar: Garden/Citrus leaves/vegetables/leaves/fruits/green plant has three pairs of true legs with claws for locomotion. (III) it has claspers; for attachment to vegetation/twid; (IV) presence of four pairs of prologs/false legs: for climbing; (V) its coloured pattern; enables it to blend with its environment/camouflages/escape predators; (VI) it has spiracles; for gaseous exchange, (VII) it has simple eyes for vision (VIII) has osmeterium; as defense mechanism/which emits foul smell to scare away predators.
(e) Diagram/drawing of dorsal view of specimen C/Butterfly
2(a)observable features of biological importance in Specimen F/Carrot: (i) Main root/tap root/swollen/root tuber; (ii) Presence of lateral roots; (iii) Presence of short stem (green) ; (iv) Presence of foliage leaves; (v) Part of main root tapering
Specimen G/Irish potato: (i) Swollen stem/stem tuber; (ii) Bud(s)/ eye; (iii) Lenticels; (iv) scale leaf; (v) adventitious roots(s)
(b) (i) Classification of (I) Specimen F/Carrot: Root tuber; (II) Specimen G/Irish Potato: Stem tuber. Stem (above the swollen tap root). Specimen G/Irish Potato: Swollen, Stem/tuber; presence of bud(s)/eye; presence of scale leaves/leaf; presence of lentice(s).
(c) Class of specimen H and J: insect
(d) (i) Observable differences between specimen H and J.
| H/Adult mosquito | J/Adult cockroach |
| Smaller in size | Big/large in size |
| A pair of wings | Two pairs of wings; |
| Absence of hard hind wing | Presence of hard hind wing/elytra; |
| Shorter antennae | Longer antennae |
| Proboscis | Mandible |
| Absence of maxillary palp/maxilla | Presence of maxillary palp/maxilla |
| Thin legs | Thick/large legs; |
| Absence of spines on legs | Presence of spine on legs. |
(ii) Similarities between specimens H/adult mosquito and J/adult cockroach:
(i) Presence of a pair of compound eyes
(II) Body is divided into three divisions/head, thorax, and abdomen
(iii) three pairs of/six(walking) legs
(IV) presence of jointed appendages
(V) presence of a pair of membraneous wings
(VI) Presence of a pair of antenna
(VII) Both have exoskeletons made of chitin
(VIII) Segmented Body.
(i) Feeding Habit of Specimen H/adult mosquito: Piercing and sucking. Specimen J/adult cockroach: Biting and chewing
(ii) Observing features used for feeding in specimen J/adult cockroach: Mandible; maxillae; labrum
4. (a) (i) Phylum of Specimen R/Earthworm: Annelida
(ii) Reasons for the classification of Specimen R/Earthworm:
(I) Presence of metameric segmentation/segments are separated from each other (by septa
(II) They are bilaterally symmetrical
(II) Segments are separated from each other
(IV) Presence of chaetae
(V) Body is covered by thin collagen cuticle
(VI) body is long and cylindrical.
(iii) Habitat of Specimen R/Earthworm:
(I) Under decaying leaves
(II) Wet/moist soil
(III) In open savanna/savannah beneath tall grasses
(IV) In the forests in decaying tree-stumps.
(b) (i) Features of adaption of Specimen R/Earthworm:
(I) Bristle like Caetae/seatea; for locomotion
(II) Mosti skin; for gaseous exchange
(III) Pointed anterior; for burrowing into the soil
(IV) Slimy body; reduces friction during movements
(V) Citellum; for attachment during the exchange of sperms/reproduction/secretes cocoon (in which its eggs are deposited).
(ii) Economic importance of Specimen R/Earthworm:
(I) it aerates the soil
(II) it enriches/improves soil fertility
(III) its secretions neutralize the acid soil
(IV) Used as bait for fishing
(V) As food for some birds.
(c) Diagram/Drawing of the dorsal view of Specimen R/Earthworm
(d) Type of fruit: Specimen S/unripe mango fruit – Drupe, Specimen T/tomato fruit – Berry.
(e) (i) Observable differences between Specimens S and T
| Specimen C/Unripe Mango Fruit | Specimen T/tomato Fruit |
| Green in colour | Red/Yellow in colour |
| One seeded | Many seeded |
| Stony/hard endocarp | Fleshy/Succulent/Soft endocarp |
| Fibrous mesocarp | Succulent mesocarp |
| Seed large | Seed(s) small; |
| Basal placentation | Axile placentation |
| Mesocarp and endocarp are fused | Mesocarp had endocarp are not fused |
(ii) Similarities between specimens S and T:
(I) Both have seeds
(II) both are fruits
(III) Both have three layers/epicarp/mesocarp/endocarp/pericarp/fruit wall
(IV) Coloured epicarp/pericarp
(V) Both have placenta
(VI) Both have thin epicarp
(VII) both have fleshy mesocarps.
Free NECO Biology practical answers 2021: Here are the free NECO Biology practical answers to the sample questions above. Practice them effectively in case they happened to be repeated in this year’s exam.
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